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中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
广西：农民从“靠天吃饭”到“靠技生钱”****** 光明日报记者 周仕兴 王瑾雯 光明日报通讯员 夏姚 “这本‘种植百宝书’，我经常拿出来翻阅。”拿着新型职业农民培训班的笔记本，广西龙胜泰弘农业开发专业合作社负责人邓凤权不禁感叹，“我虽然有十多年种地经验，但想要真正发展好种植产业，还是得懂技术、懂管理，这就要多参加培训学习。” 邓凤权是广西新型农民职业培训班的学员。经过专家培训指导后，他种植的百香果收获期从两期增长到三期，每亩增收5000元。“有了技术保障，再加上管理到位、销售渠道稳定，合作社带动周边500多家农户种植罗汉果、百香果3000多亩，帮助175户脱贫户增收。”邓凤权自豪地说。 新型职业农民培训，是世界银行结果导向型贷款广西扶贫示范项目推进过程中的重点部分。“通过组织农民参加职业培训，为贫困地区培养视野广阔、懂知识、善经营的新型职业农民，让他们更有底气开启现代化农业新篇章。”该项目负责人说。 “我们村土地资源丰富，有麻竹、泉水鱼、柑果等特色产业。新型职业农民培训为村民带来新的理论知识和技术，增收渠道多、后劲足，真正让大伙儿体会到劳动可致富、技术能生钱。”玉林市博白县浪平镇六江村党总支部书记廉祖旺说。 博白县实施“星期天工程师”合作模式，邀请了解农村、熟悉农业、贴近农民且具有实践经验的教授学者、乡土专家，利用周末和节假日开设讲座、驻点村屯，把脉乡村振兴存在的问题，指导农业产业发展、村庄规划建设和村民增收致富。通过培训，传统农民变新型农民，种植养殖技术得到提升，休闲农业知识、互联网现代农业知识得到增强。 在浦北县龙门镇陈皮生产基地，一筐筐柑橘皮在阳光下散发着阵阵清香。“我们这里素有‘扁柑之乡’美誉，非常适合大红柑生长。通过新型职业农民培训，涌现出一批从事大红柑产业的种植能手和陈皮营销好手。”浦北县农业技术推广研究员张兴财介绍。 “我们村从1984年就开始种植大红柑，现在种植面积3000多亩，2021年收入超过5000万元。通过新型职业农民培训及科技人员送技术下乡帮扶，大伙儿一技在身、信心满满。”龙门镇林塘村党总支部书记、村委主任容家良告诉记者，目前全村有100多户种植大红柑，8户年收入超百万元。 浦北县聚焦乡村振兴产业发展，坚持人才下沉、科技下乡，把科技特派员制度作为科技创新人才服务乡村振兴突破口，借力乡村振兴人才驿站，推动人才进村、入户、下田，把创新技术注入田间地头，为基层农村产业振兴提供了技术支撑。 由于不是传统柑橘种养区，马山县乔利乡三乐村农民种植技术参差不齐。为此，马山县邀请了科技专家、科技特派员到田间地头授课，教授学员柑橘栽培技术、病虫害防治和市场分析等知识。 村民韦明京通过培训后，一跃成为沃柑产业基地种植管理小组组长，负责传授小组成员沃柑种养技术。“我以前主要种玉米、稻谷，收成没有保证；自从学习柑橘种植技术后，现在每个月都有3000多元的固定工资收入。”韦明京高兴地说，自己从过去“靠天吃饭”的传统农民变为“按月领薪”的新型职业农民。 “新型职业农民培训，主要包括农业和农村服务、农产品加工等涉农工业、一二三产融合发展等。通过培训，农民掌握了农业先进实用技术，提高了生产技能和综合素质，为农村发展注入新动力。”马山县委常委、副县长，广西驻村工作队马山县工作队队长涂坤明说。 据介绍，世界银行结果导向型贷款广西扶贫示范项目累计完成新型职业农民培训41745人，完成总目标值的104.36%。 《光明日报》（ 2022年12月25日 06版） （文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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